Comparison of Amanita vaginata Mushroom Waste and its Composite in Methylene Blue Adsorption and Kinetic Data

Abstract

Toxic dyes from industries harm the aquatic environment directly by coloring water resources, and indirectly by blocking sunlight, inhibiting photosynthesis in water, and inhibiting the ability of water to oxygenate. Thus, the formation of toxic and carcinogenic products causes great disturbances in living organisms and the natural growth activity of the food web. For this purpose, the absorption of natural non-toxic degradable wastes was investigated in order to remove Methylene Blue (MB), one of the toxic dyes, from the aquatic environment. In the study, Methylene Blue (MB) dye adsorptions were compared by synthesizing composite (AVAK) using Amanita vaginata mushroom wastes and Amanita vaginata mushroom wastes (AVA). In order to characterize AVA and AVAK, the Fourier transform  infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of AVA and AVAK before and after MB adsorption were examined to explain the adsorption mechanism of both substances. The effects of contact time, initial dyestuff concentration and pH on adsorption were investigated, and kinetic calculations were made using the batch method. From the results obtained, it was determined that both AVA and AVAK were suitable for the Pseudo-second model of MB adsorption. In addition, from the FTIR data, the shifts of CH₂, OH (NH), CN, CO, COOH functional groups after MB adsorption have been proven to play an active role in the adsorption mechanism.