Kadirli Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi

Stem Cell and Organ Use in Reproductive Biotechnology

Ramazan ORDEK, Cengiz YILDIZ — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The programming of the division of cells that differentiate and gain new characteristics from the formation of the zygote to trillions of cells draws attention. New cells are formed in the organism in place of cells that complete their lifespan and die. The first main cell of all cells in the body of living beings is called a "stem cell" and these cells have the ability to transform into different cell types. Stem cells differ from normal cells in terms of 3 basic characteristics. These are; stem cells have the ability to divide and multiply infinitely, they are unspecialized cells and finally these cells have the ability to transform into many different cells. Today, stem cells are standardized and subject to the standards of the International Organization for Stem Cell Therapy (ISCT). In the transplantation process, the same animal (autotransplantation), the same species (allotransplantation) or a different species (xenotransplantation) can be used as a stem cell source. Stem cell transplantation can be applied with two different methods as cellular suspension (spermatogonial stem cell) or tissue transplantation (testis and ovary). The acquisition, transplantation and use of stem cells for treatment purposes are on their way to becoming one of the most current topics today. Stem cell and tissue transplants can be used in the treatment of many diseases that have not been cured yet. Studies have shown that the use of stem cells in veterinary medicine is very important. It is thought that in the near future, stem cells will have a very important application area in the treatment of some diseases in veterinary medicine.

Molecular Methods Used in Pathology Laboratories

Ayhan ATASEVER, Ali Sefa MENDİL, Ali GUNGOR — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This review article is written to provide information about the molecular techniques frequently used in pathology laboratories. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining techniques are commonly used to detect specific proteins and molecules found in cells and tissues. IHC allows the visual detection of proteins in cells through the interaction of antigens with specific antibodies. Similarly, IF staining uses fluorescently labeled antibodies to determine the location of proteins. Both methods help in identifying protein expression through antigen-antibody interactions. The Western Blot (WB) technique enables the separation and identification of proteins from cell and tissue samples. This method relies on separating proteins according to their molecular weight, followed by labeling the target proteins with antibodies. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a fundamental technique used for DNA amplification. In Situ Hybridization (ISH) is a technique that enables the detection of nucleic acid sequences in cells. Each of these methods serves as an important tool for the detailed examination of biological samples and has a wide range of applications, from cellular analysis to genetic investigations.

A New Type of Extended Soft Set Operation: Complementary Extended Lambda Operation

Aslıhan SEZGİN, Emre AKBULUT, Hüseyin DEMİR — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Soft set theory was proposed by Molodtsov in 1999 to model some problems involving uncertainty and it has a wide range of theoretical and practical applications. Soft set operations constitute the vital building block of soft set theory. Since its introduction, several kinds of soft set operations have been proposed. In this study, in order to advance the soft theory, a new soft set operation known as the complementary extended lambda operation is described in this study, and all of its characteristics are thoroughly examined, and to obtain the relationship of the operation with other soft set operations, the distribution of this operation over other type soft set operations are examined.

A Comparative Study on the Phenolic Extraction of Total Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Satureja Hortensis L. for Bioactive Properties

Buket ASKIN, Tuğba BAYBURTLUOGLU, Sercan OZBEK YAZICI — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In Türkiye, S. hortensis species are naturally found especially in the Thrace region. This plant, which has been used as a spice since ancient times and benefited from its medicinal properties, is the only annual member of the Lamiaceae family. Natural products derived from the Lamiaceae family are predominantly characterized by polyphenols and flavonoids, responsible for antioxidant properties among others. In the research, extracts of plant samples were obtained with different concentrations of ethanol (EtOH) and three different extraction methods. The plant material (Satureja hortensis L.) was sourced from the province of Kırklareli. Three different extraction methods, namely traditional, ultrasound, and microwave, were employed along with three different ethanol solvent ratios (40%, 50%, and 60%, v:v) for phenolic compound extraction. The total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity (DPPH) were compared for all samples. Among the samples, the highest total phenolic content (TPC) value was determined for extracts obtained with ethanol (60%, v:v) using traditional extraction (TE), ultrasound extraction (15 minutes) (US-15), and microwave extraction (2.5 minutes) (MW-2.5), respectively. Other extracts obtained with ultrasound extraction (30 minutes) (US-30) and microwave extraction (5 minutes) (MW-5) resulted in the highest TPC value when applied with ethanol (50%, v:v). Some Satureja species known to have therapeutic properties for diabetes also possess antioxidant characteristics. However, there is no research available for S. hortensis L. This study, by presenting the characteristics for the first time, investigated the potential anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects of S. hortensis L. extracts. For this purpose, the enzyme activities of amylase and lipase were determined for all samples. Thus, the data obtained for S. hortensis L. holds significance for future research and industrial applications.

Curve Fitting with Least Squares Regression of Air Temperature Values on Sinusoidal Functions: The Case of Bı̇ngöl Province

Cebeli İNAN, Senol CELİK — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In this study, the average temperature values from January 2000 to November 2021 in Bingöl province of Turkey were modelled using a sinusoidal function. The trigonometric curve was estimated to minimize the sum of squared errors and maximize the coefficient of determination (R²) of the mean temperature values for the period from January 2000 to November 2021 in Bingöl province. During this period, temperatures were lowest in December, January and February. Temperatures increased slightly in March, April and May, peaked in June, July and August, and decreased in September, October and November. This situation continued periodically every year. It was concluded that sinusoidal curve fitting is suitable and useful for temperature forecasting models with the curve fitting model with least squares regression to the sinusoidal function created using Fourier series

Molecular Mechanism of Abnormal Developmental Morphology of Bean under High Temperature Conditions

Sükran YILDIZ, Dilek TEKDAL — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Legumes are among the most consumed foods in the world and our country due to their high protein content. Beans have an essential for human nutrition among the legumes due to their rich nutritional value. However, the increased temperature with global warming causes the plants grown to be stressed. Plants grown at very high temperatures experienced yield losses, and at the same time, some mutations occur in their genes. In this study, the bean genotype Bitlis-76 (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was grown in the greenhouse area of Mersin University. In the spring period when the plant was grown, abnormal organ development morphology was observed due to the sudden increase in temperature. Contiguous leaves and adjacent pods, characterized as non-separation, were observed in the leaves and fruit of the plant. Therefore, RNA was isolated from adjacent leaves and pods of P. vulgaris to elucidate the non-separation state of the organs. However, since quality RNA isolation from the pod could not be performed, further analyzes were performed with RNA from adjacent leaves. The expression level of WUSCHEL (WUS), CLAVATA (CLV), and FASCIATA (FAS) genes, which are known to be influential on organ development in the literature, were examined, and the effects of these genes on the non-disjunction observed in the Bitlis-76 bean genotype were investigated. Expression of the FAS gene in the adjacent leaf was significantly higher than in the control plant. Because the expression level of the FAS gene, known to regulate shoot apical meristem cells, was high in adjacent leaf samples belonging to the Bitlis-76 bean genotype, it was interpreted that this gene may affect this situation. This study is the first to investigate the effect of the FAS gene on abnormal leaf development in the Bitlis-76 bean genotype.

Solution of Initial Boundary Value Problems for the Nonlinear Stationary Quasi-Optical Equation with Special Gradient Term

Gabil YAGUB, Mehmet VURAL — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study examines a fundamental problem in quantum mechanics: the initial boundary value problem for a stationary, nonlinear quasi-optical equation with a specific gradient. This complex equation, which surpasses the previously studied nonstationary linear Schrödinger equation, offers more accurate models of particle behavior at the microscopic level. The research defines the problem as a first-kind problem, then meticulously formulates the necessary and sufficient conditions for its solution. Theorems on the existence and uniqueness of the solution are proven, and an estimate of the solution is obtained. This work is significant for quantum mechanics and optics, particularly in understanding electromagnetic wave propagation when wavelengths are comparable to the optical system’s dimensions. The findings contribute to optical design and engineering applications, offering new insights beyond classical physics.

The Effect of Algae on Some Quantitative Characteristics of Dwarf and Normal Periwinkle

Ali HASHEMI, Abdolali HESAMI, Mosa ZANDIFARD — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Periwinkle is a shrubby or herbaceous plant that is grown and farmed in the tropics. Seaweed contains a high concentration of salts and mineral compounds, which meet plant nutritional requirements and play an essential role in soil fertility. In this study, the addition of algae in the growth medium was found to be an effective factor in boosting the quality and quantity of two species, Periwinkle Rosea and Burgundy, using a factorial design with three replications. The studies were carried out at the greenhouse of Persian Gulf University's College of Agriculture and Natural Resources in Borazjan, Iran's Bushehr Province. Green, red, and brown algae were created at volume levels of 0, 10, 25, 35, and 50% for this investigation. A few traits were documented, including the number of leaves, stem height, root length, total weight of plants with wet basis (WW) and dry basis (WD). Periwinkle flowers cultivated in the substrate with 50% green algae and 10% red algae had the maximum concentration; for brown algae, dwarf periwinkles had a 25% concentration, while normal periwinkles had a 35% concentration. The substrate with no algae has the most lateral branches of any of the three forms of algae. The substrate with 50% green algae, 35% brown algae, and 10% red algae produced the high amounts of height of periwinkle, root length, number of leaves, total Periwinkle plant weight with wet (WW) and dry (WD) basis.

The Efficiency of the Reductase Enzyme in Producing Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Its Role in Inhibiting the Pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani

Saif Saadallah HASSAN — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

A laboratory study was conducted during the year 2024 In the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Iraq, Saladin The study dealt with the production of biotinylated silver nanoparticles from the Fusarium solani, using four parts that included the filtrate, the biomass, the hot extract, and the cold extract of the biomass. The results of the laboratory study demonstrated the formation of silver nanoparticles from the F. solani. This is done by detecting it by the color contrast of the leachate The color of the mushroom filtrate, the biomass, and its hot and cold extract of the biomass changed from yellow to brown. The highest absorption peaks were recorded (using the photoanalyzer) for the silver nanoparticles within the wavelengths of 350- 475 nm, as the lowest wavelength reached 350 nm for the prepared silver nanoparticles. From the hot extract, the highest wavelength reached 475 nanometers For silver nanoparticles prepared from cold extract for the fungus Fusarium solani. Electron microscope images showed the sizes of the nanoparticles synthesized by the fungus F. solani in semi-spherical shapes whose diameters ranged from 30-70 nanometers. This indicates the efficiency of the biosynthesis of silver particles. Laboratory results showed that no significant differences were recorded for the concentrations of silver nanoparticles in the germination rates of wheat seeds (Sham 6 variety) for all concentrations and types of silver nanoparticles prepared from all types of F. solani fungi studied. All concentrations and types of silver nanoparticles prepared showed an effect of inhibiting the pathogenic fungus. F. solani Compared to the control, the highest rate of inhibition was reached at a concentration of 1.5 mM in the filtrate of the studied mushrooms, reaching 0.64% compared to the control in which no rate of inhibition was recorded. While all concentrations and types of prepared silver nanoparticles showed the highest activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme compared to the control, the highest effectiveness was reached at the concentration of 1.5 mM in the filtrates of the studied mushrooms, reaching 0.63 units/ml compared to the control, which reached 0.055 units/ml..

A Preliminary Investigation of Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Emergency Healthcare Facilities: Case Study of Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Hospital

Tevfik Denizhan MUFTUOGLU — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a sustainable approach to addressing water scarcity and promoting efficient water management in critical infrastructure. This study evaluates the RWH potential of Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital, a 1000-bed facility, using a simplified analytical approach. Satellite imagery and regional precipitation data were employed, categorizing roof sections based on size, type, and material, with aggregated segments simplifying the calculations. The analysis estimated an average monthly RWH potential of 1261.00 m³, with December and January demonstrating the highest potential at 2273.57 m³ and 2053.77 m³, respectively, and July recording the lowest at 515.16 m³. Seasonal variability was quantified through a standard deviation of 586.94 m³, a coefficient of variation (CV) of 46.54%, a positive skewness of 0.50, and a kurtosis of -1.36, indicating moderate variability and relatively stable harvesting conditions. The study also shows that RWH can contribute between 2.77% and 12.22% of the hospital’s monthly water demand, translating into thousands of cubic meters of annual water savings. While these percentages may appear modest, the benefits of RWH extend beyond immediate water contributions, providing resilience during droughts or water supply disruptions and fostering sustainable practices within healthcare management. This preliminary assessment, conducted under conservative assumptions such as treating sloped roofs as flat surfaces, underscores the feasibility of implementing RWH systems even with limited data. Future studies incorporating precise roof measurements, material analyses, and dynamic rainfall simulations are expected to reveal even greater potential. By demonstrating the viability of RWH, this study provides a foundation for decision-makers, including government authorities and hospital management, to integrate RWH into emergency healthcare infrastructure, advancing sustainable water management practices.

Simulation and Yamazumi Application in an Interior Trim Manufacturer in the Automotive Sector

Irem DÜZDAR, Senanur ÇELİK — Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The automotive sector in our country has contributed to the economy and has become one of the leading industries. Line balancing has been beneficial in measuring the workload and capacity of operators and machines, as well as in utilizing the workforce equally in stations where multiple operators are present. The aim of the research was to examine the production line by selecting a pilot line and to eliminate waste according to customer demand while ensuring efficient production. A simulation study was conducted on the production line of a company manufacturing interior trim parts for the automotive industry, analyzing the current state. Improvement efforts were carried out using the Yamazumi chart for operator workload, and continuous improvement was targeted through lean manufacturing principles. The Arena software program was used to simulate the line, allowing the current production process to be analyzed through reports.After the simulation was analyzed, the Yamazumi chart was used for line balancing. In this context, a pilot line was selected, and data analysis was conducted. A model was created in the Arena software, and the analyzed data was transferred to the model. The model was executed, and after reviewing the report, improvement actions were determined. Operators work tracking was carried out using the Yamazumi chart, and an action plan was prepared using lean manufacturing techniques. After the planned improvements were implemented, a future state model was created. The reports of the future state model were compared with those of the current state model, and an implementation plan follow-up list was prepared. As a result of the study, a cost improvement of 15,761₺ was achieved.