Data-Driven Analysis of Fruit Processing Efficiency and Pomace Valorization Potential in Türkiye and Serbia

Abstract

This study examines the production, processing, and valorization potential of grape and plum pomaces generated in Türkiye and Serbia, two leading producers of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) and plums (Prunus domestica L.), using a data-driven approach, and demonstrates that these by-products represent sustainable yet largely underutilized biomass resources within the framework of the circular bioeconomy. The findings obtained within the scope of this study indicate that these by-products represent sustainable yet largely underutilized biomass resources within the framework of the circular bioeconomy. All data processing, statistical analyses, and visualizations were performed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA), primarily through descriptive statistical methods and formula-based calculations, selected for its suitability for structured agricultural datasets, transparent traceability of calculations, and reproducibility across users. Agricultural production data for the period 2020–2024, including industrial processing ratios, pomace quantities, and waste diversion levels, were evaluated within this framework. The findings indicate that approximately 451×10³ tons of grape pomace are generated annually in Türkiye, while Serbia produces about 34×10³ tons of plum pomace; however, valorization rates in both countries remain below 5%. Biochemical evidence shows that both pomaces are rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and fermentable sugars, making them suitable and sustainable feedstocks for the production of bacterial cellulose, nanocellulose, and pectin-based biopolymers. Nevertheless, insufficient biorefinery infrastructure and limited industrial integration continue to hinder the realization of this potential