The Efficiency of the Reductase Enzyme in Producing Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Its Role in Inhibiting the Pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani

Abstract

A laboratory study was conducted during the year 2024 In the laboratories of the Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture, Tikrit University, Iraq, Saladin The study dealt with the production of biotinylated silver nanoparticles from the Fusarium solani, using four parts that included the filtrate, the biomass, the hot extract, and the cold extract of the biomass. The results of the laboratory study demonstrated the formation of silver nanoparticles from the F. solani. This is done by detecting it by the color contrast of the leachate The color of the mushroom filtrate, the biomass, and its hot and cold extract of the biomass changed from yellow to brown. The highest absorption peaks were recorded (using the photoanalyzer) for the silver nanoparticles within the wavelengths of 350- 475 nm, as the lowest wavelength reached 350 nm for the prepared silver nanoparticles. From the hot extract, the highest wavelength reached 475 nanometers For silver nanoparticles prepared from cold extract for the fungus Fusarium solani. Electron microscope images showed the sizes of the nanoparticles synthesized by the fungus F. solani in semi-spherical shapes whose diameters ranged from 30-70 nanometers. This indicates the efficiency of the biosynthesis of silver particles. Laboratory results showed that no significant differences were recorded for the concentrations of silver nanoparticles in the germination rates of wheat seeds (Sham 6 variety) for all concentrations and types of silver nanoparticles prepared from all types of F. solani fungi studied. All concentrations and types of silver nanoparticles prepared showed an effect of inhibiting the pathogenic fungus. F. solani Compared to the control, the highest rate of inhibition was reached at a concentration of 1.5 mM in the filtrate of the studied mushrooms, reaching 0.64% compared to the control in which no rate of inhibition was recorded. While all concentrations and types of prepared silver nanoparticles showed the highest activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme compared to the control, the highest effectiveness was reached at the concentration of 1.5 mM in the filtrates of the studied mushrooms, reaching 0.63 units/ml compared to the control, which reached 0.055 units/ml..