Stem Cell and Organ Use in Reproductive Biotechnology

Abstract

The programming of the division of cells that differentiate and gain new characteristics from the formation of the zygote to trillions of cells draws attention. New cells are formed in the organism in place of cells that complete their lifespan and die. The first main cell of all cells in the body of living beings is called a "stem cell" and these cells have the ability to transform into different cell types. Stem cells differ from normal cells in terms of 3 basic characteristics. These are; stem cells have the ability to divide and multiply infinitely, they are unspecialized cells and finally these cells have the ability to transform into many different cells. Today, stem cells are standardized and subject to the standards of the International Organization for Stem Cell Therapy (ISCT). In the transplantation process, the same animal (autotransplantation), the same species (allotransplantation) or a different species (xenotransplantation) can be used as a stem cell source. Stem cell transplantation can be applied with two different methods as cellular suspension (spermatogonial stem cell) or tissue transplantation (testis and ovary). The acquisition, transplantation and use of stem cells for treatment purposes are on their way to becoming one of the most current topics today. Stem cell and tissue transplants can be used in the treatment of many diseases that have not been cured yet. Studies have shown that the use of stem cells in veterinary medicine is very important. It is thought that in the near future, stem cells will have a very important application area in the treatment of some diseases in veterinary medicine.